Norliza Abdul Wahab
Malaysian Cocoa Board, Malaysia
Title: Phenolic Content, Anti-Aging and Cytotoxicity Activities of Cocoa Bean Extract for a Potential use in Cosmeceuticals
Biography
Biography: Norliza Abdul Wahab
Abstract
Severe skin injuries due to extensive use of synthetic antioxidants in cosmetic formulas have been reported endlessly. Therefore, recent trend in anti-aging cosmeceuticals is projecting on the use of natural antioxidant derivatives from plants. The present study evaluates potential use of cocoa bean extract (CBE) as a cosmeceutical ingredient, with significant amount of phenolic compounds in arrays of biochemical assays. Materials and Methods: Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of two potential cocoa clones, i.e. PBC 123 and PBC 140, were assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride (AlCl3) using gallic acid and rutin as standards, respectively. Anti-tyrosinase was measured using mushroom tyrosinase with kojic acid as a standard whereas anti-collagenase was assayed using synthetic chromogenic substrate, i.e. Ac-PLG-[2-mercapto-4-methyl-pentanoyl]-LG-OC2H5 (MMPLO). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity study was conducted on Human dermal fibroblasts, adult (HDFa) cell line to ascertain its non-toxic nature. Results and Discussion: The TPC of PBC 123 and 140 were 119.55±2.96 and 116.98±1.19 mg GAE/g DW, respectively whereas TFC values of the respective clones were 75.47±1.77 and 72.29±0.84 mg RE/g DW with no significant different (p>0.05). In terms of tyrosinase inhibition, PBC 140 and PBC 123 were not significantly different with IC50 values 200.00 and 300.00 mg/mL (p>0.05), respectively whereas the inhibition of collagenase effect were not significantly different (p>0.05) as well for PBC 140 (62.99%) and PBC 123 (59.96%). A strong and positive correlation (p>0.05) was observed between TPC and TFC (r=0.866), anti-tyrosinase (r=0.963) and anti-collagenase (r=0.909), anti-tyrosinase and anti-collagenase (r=0.936) whilst TFC correlates well with anti-tyrosinase (r=0.865) and anti-collagenase (r=0.868). The CBE was not cytotoxic against human fibroblasts at a concentration up to 937.50±6.50 mg/mL. Conclusion: The findings exhibited a strong correlation between anti-aging and phenolic contents. In addition, the CBE showed non-toxic effect against HDFa.