4^th World Congress on Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research August 08-09, 2018 Osaka, Japan

Biography:

Ruxandra Ștefănescu (Braic) is a PhD student at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Tîrgu MureÈ™. Currently, she is working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Univeristy of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tîrgu MureÈ™, Romania. Her research is focused on the phytochemical and pharmacological analysis of natural products with possible beneficial effects in diabetes and diabetic complications.

Abstract:

Tribulus terrestris (TT) is a very controversial plant, used for many purposes, mainly for its presumed anabolic effects, but with inconclusive scientific results. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of TT in diabetic male rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection with 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. Rats received Tribulus terrestris extract for twelve weeks. Glucose level, body weight, cataract development and sexual behavior were monitored during the experiment. In the fourth week of the experiment oral glucose tolerance test was performed. Sexual behavior with receptive females was monitored (mount and intromission frequencies). At the end of the experiment sperm parameters like morphology and motility were evaluated. TT treated group had a significant increase in body weight and a significant decrease in blood glucose. Differences were observed in sexual behavior in TT treated group compared with the diabetic control group. Evaluation of sperm parameters revealed a number of differences in treated group but with no statistical significance. In conclusion, our study suggests the possibility of including Tribulus terrestris in supplements for diabetic male patients, but further studies are necessary for elucidating the presumed mechanisms of actions.

Biography:

Dr. Azila is a Research Officer at the Lembaga Koko Malaysia. She specializes in cosmetic and personal care product development; halal product development; extraction process of plant materials involving solvent and supercritical fluid; stability study and efficacy of cosmetic products. Azila is an author of several scientific papers and actively involves in conducting research on cosmetic product development from cocoa. She has won several awards from national and international exhibition.

Abstract:

Biography:

Samuel Yap is a researcher with Malaysian Cocoa Board. His expertise is cocoa based products development. Currently, he works on the potential uses of cocoa as an anti-oxidant in topical application product development.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Various studies showed cocoa beans contains high phenolic compounds which has the potential to be used as an anti-oxidant in products development. Therefore, efforts to extract these phenolic compounds from cocoa fresh beans had been carried out by many researchers based on various extraction methods. Nevertheless, the safe uses of these cocoa extracts are not well established.

Methodology: Four extraction methods on cocoa fresh beans were carried out. There were aqueous extraction on cocoa fresh beans; solvent (55% ethanol + 45% water) extraction on cocoa fresh beans; aqueous extraction on defatted cocoa fresh beans; and solvent (55% ethanol + 45% water) extraction on defatted cocoa fresh beans. Temperature and extraction duration were fixed at 80^oC and 15 minutes respectively. Assessment of toxicity of these cocoa extracts were determined after 24 hours of exposure of the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay to the tested sample.

Findings: No survival of population of the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay on all the defatted samples, regardless of aqueous or solvent extraction methods. No death was observed in the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay after 24 hours exposure to the ‘aqueous extraction on cocoa fresh beans’ sample.

Conclusions: Cocoa extract based on aqueous extraction from cocoa fresh beans without defatting processes showed no toxic potential in humans.

Biography:

Mohammadbagher Rezaee did his work on Photochemistry or chemistry (Ag). And up to know did lot of research worked with our co-worker on cultivation, extraction, formulation, and produce products  out of medicinal and Aromatic plants, designed pilot of essential oil extraction and published so many international and national paper. Know he is working as signoras' scientist in Research Institute Forests and Rangelands (RIFRI) -Tehran-IRAN, Chairman of "Union Medicinal plants of Iran" (UMPI) and deputy of "Iranian medicinal plants society" (IMPS). I got three national award abut selected and important medicinal plant as natural product or instead of synthetic medicine and biological uses. And so on…

Abstract:

There are a lot of historical evidence, revealing the Iranian traditionally use of plant species that dates back to 6000 years ago. However, and organize these documents around 2500 years ago. Those physicians used medicinal plants like Avicenna, Rhazes, Jorjani, appeared during 1400 years ago. From that time or traditionally herbs, animal, minerals, and even some insect are used in natural products. Iranian botanists have led to recognition of around 150 spontaneous families of Angiosperms containing 124 Dicotyledonous, 22 Monocotyledonous, 4 Gymnosperms families totally containing about 1450 genera and 8000 species which nearby 2000 species are endemic of Iran. At present more than 2000 species have economic value and used in natural products. Cultivation of medicinal plants in different ecological zone, like thyme (Thymus vulgaris) in the center of Iran, Fennel in the West and center of Iran, show the highest yield as leaf, flower, seed in plants, also accumulated the highest amount of essential oil are normally do it with Iranian former. At present there are at least 1300 formulated medicinal plants or natural products at pharmacies in Iran. The some Iranian exports of medicinal plants are gum from Pistachio atlantica, Asteragalus gummifera and Ferula gummosa, root of Glycyrrhiza glabra and seed of Cuminum cyminum. However most of these researches are based on the introduction and usage of various plants taken from the nature, herbalist or traditional medicine documents.

My presentation will be in Phyto-chemical of medicinal and Aromatic plants as Rosa damascena ,The main constituents of Essential  oil by traditional distilation, were n-nonadecane (33.1%); geraniol (14.6%), n-heneicosane (13.2%);  and Laboratory essential oils samples were extracted by hydro distillation method which designed by authors in R IFR,  The main constituents in plan-1 were geraniol (21.8%), n-nonadecane (21.3%); citronellol (12%), Main components of Primary essential oils were  citronellol (33.5%), cis-p-menth -2-en-1-ol (7.3%) and geraniol (7.2%). Punica granatum, is one of the oldest edible fruits, Seed Oil for Treating Menopausal Symptoms, used as a gargle for sore throat, extraction of arils and peel contents phenolics compounds(Antioxidant capacity is very high) in the pomegranate juices, extracts potently suppress proliferation, xenograft growth, and invasion of human prostate cancer cells.  So these compounds are valuable for using in pharmaceuticals products in Iranian factories.

Biography:

Arief Huzaimi Md Yusof is currently pursuing his Msc at Halal Products Research Institute, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang in a Halal Products Development programme. He is also working as a research officer of Malaysian Cocoa Board, a government organization for more than 3 years mainly in cocoa-based cosmetic products process development.

Abstract:

Problem Statement: Cocoa shell is a byproduct left unutilized by the cocoa industry. They are being removed before, during or after either in a cocoa bean or chocolate making process. It is estimated about 75% of the cocoa fruit become a waste during a process. There is a recent study on the polyphenols on the cocoa plant, including their flower, cocoa pod husk, cocoa shell, cocoa nib and etc. This bioactive compound can be used in the cosmetic or other application. Hence, it is good if the polyphenols from the cocoa shell are optimized to obtain a high phenolic compound. Materials and Methods: Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of cocoa shell from clone PBC 140, were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride (AlCl₃) using gallic acid and rutin as standards, respectively. Results and Discussion: The response surface methodology used to evaluate the complex interaction of three variables which are ethanol concentration (70–90 v/v %), temperature (45–65 °C), and ultrasound irradiation time (30–60 min). The result reveals the optimum condition to obtain TPC and TFC are 63.18%, 80%, 55 °C, and 45 minutes respectively with the value of 38.46 mg GAE/g DW and 7.72 mg RE/g DW. The results show both models were significant (p<0.0001) with a coefficient of determination (R²) above 92% and no significant in the lack of fit. The value from validation experimental TPC and TFC were 38.69±0.05 mg GAE/g DW and 7.42±0.09 mg RE/g DW, respectively under condition 64.02%, 80.98%, 54.52 °C, 57.57 °C, 60.97 minutes and 43.54 minutes. The validation reveals that polynomial model equation fits the data and can be used to predicting the future observation within the model design range.

Biography:

Norliza Abdul Wahab is working as a research officer of Malaysian Cocoa Board, a government organization for more than 16 years mainly in cocoa-based cosmetic products development.

Abstract:

Severe skin injuries due to extensive use of synthetic antioxidants in cosmetic formulas have been reported endlessly. Therefore, recent trend in anti-aging cosmeceuticals is projecting on the use of natural antioxidant derivatives from plants. The present study evaluates potential use of cocoa bean extract (CBE) as a cosmeceutical ingredient, with significant amount of phenolic compounds in arrays of biochemical assays. Materials and Methods: Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of two potential cocoa clones, i.e. PBC 123 and PBC 140, were assessed by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride (AlCl₃) using gallic acid and rutin as standards, respectively. Anti-tyrosinase was measured using mushroom tyrosinase with kojic acid as a standard whereas anti-collagenase was assayed using synthetic chromogenic substrate, i.e. Ac-PLG-[2-mercapto-4-methyl-pentanoyl]-LG-OC₂H₅ (MMPLO). The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl  tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity study was conducted on Human dermal fibroblasts, adult (HDFa) cell line to ascertain its non-toxic nature. Results and Discussion: The TPC of PBC 123 and 140 were 119.55±2.96 and 116.98±1.19 mg GAE/g DW, respectively whereas TFC values of the respective clones were 75.47±1.77 and 72.29±0.84 mg RE/g DW with no significant different (p>0.05). In terms of tyrosinase inhibition, PBC 140 and PBC 123 were not significantly different with IC₅₀ values 200.00 and 300.00 mg/mL (p>0.05), respectively whereas the inhibition of collagenase effect were not significantly different (p>0.05) as well for PBC 140 (62.99%) and PBC 123 (59.96%). A strong and positive correlation (p>0.05) was observed between TPC and TFC (r=0.866), anti-tyrosinase (r=0.963) and anti-collagenase (r=0.909), anti-tyrosinase and anti-collagenase (r=0.936) whilst TFC correlates well with anti-tyrosinase (r=0.865) and anti-collagenase (r=0.868). The CBE was not cytotoxic against human fibroblasts at a concentration up to 937.50±6.50 mg/mL. Conclusion: The findings exhibited a strong correlation between anti-aging and phenolic contents. In addition, the CBE showed non-toxic effect against HDFa.    

Biography:

Saranya Thanamittramanee has completed bachelor degree at the age of 26 years from Mahidol University and master degree studies from Chulalongkorn University of Physiology. She is a instructor Boromarajonani Nursing College, Surat Thani, 84000, Thailand. Boonchai Wattanapoca has completed his doctor at the age of 31 years from Mahidol University of medicine. He is the director of Tambon Sunthornnivas District Health Promotion Hospital, Wat Pradu, Amphur Muang, Surat Thani Province

Abstract:

Moringa oleifera Lam. has a pharmacotherapeutic activities that decrease hypertension. Leaves part of this plant contain fluid extraction, ethanol, niazinin A and B, etc. Which today can be using alternative herbal in care chronic patients. Therefore, the research are interested in studying the results of of Moringa oleifera leaf tablets to decrease hypertension as alternative medicine by using co-application Moringa oleifera leaf tablets with hypertensive drug. This study with One-group Pre - Posttest Design aimed to evaluate blood pressure in results of this herbal at pre 3th,2th ,1th  month and post intervention at week 0, 1th, 4th, 8 th and 12 th. About fourty-four samples were purposively selected from hypertensive patients of Tambon Sunthornnivas District Health Promotion Hospital, Wat Pradu, Amphur Muang, Surat Thani Province . The research instrument was Anti-hypertensive Property of of Moringa 0leifera Leaf Tablet Usage in Hypertensive Patient of Tambon Sunthornnivas District Health Promotion Hospital, Wat Pradu, Amphur Muang, Surat Thani Province questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed via descriptive statistics and Repeated measures ANOVA. This design was conducted with enrollment and follow-up at Tambon Sunthornnivas District Health Promotion Hospital, Wat Pradu, Amphur Muang, Surat Thani Province. The participants were given oral administration of their previous anti-hypertensive drugs and a dose of Moringa oleifera 250 mg tablets, 2 tablets /twice a day. The collected data were analyzed via descriptive statistics and Repeated measures ANOVA. The result revealed that participants had decreased significantly blood pressure levels (p<0.05).

Biography:

Abstract:

Since time immemorial man utilizes plants for food, shelter and medicinal which is now termed as Bioprospecting potential of plants. The documentation of such potential plants particularly used for medicinal purposes is now a need of hour ( Tripathi 2003, Nuzarat syed et.al 2007).The Nanded district of Maharashtra state with its rich medicinal flora can be a potential center for ethno medicinal research because it is now believed that in the future ethno medicine will be one of the most effective source of healthcare of mankind ( Handa 1992, Dubey et.al 2004). So a survey of this ethno medicinal potential of Nanded district is documented in this work.

           The Nanded district of Maharashtra State lies between 18 -15’ to 19-55’North latitude and 77 -78 25’ east longitudinal having an area of about 10332 sq.km.It has a forest cover about 15 -20 % particularly in the Kinwat, Mahur and Bhokar  talukas.

The ethnic group like Andh, Gond, Bhills, Banjara, etc. are scattered in the villages of these talukas and forest areas of this district. The Banjara are also called Gormatis are having their settlements known as Tanda.They are situated near the hilly slopes and forest. These Tandas are away from other villages and other communities. The head or President is called as Nayak,Karbharies and older once are Dhavo.They are generally aware of uses and medicinal properties of plants for health care and veterinary purposes of the village, Four people in each village, who are the experts or practitioners, were interviewed and the information on the use of medicinal plants was recorded. The plant species were identified with pertinent literature and the herbarium specimens were deposited in the P.G.Dept.of Botany N.E.S.Science College. Nanded, Maharashtra.

       The Data collected on ethno botanical uses of 15 plant species of 11 plant families of Angiospermic plants is represented in Table No.1,Which enumerates the botanical name, family ,common local names ,medicinal plant part used, and available phytochemical information of the plant. The study has revealed that a considerable medicinal plant diversity exist in Nanded district. About the medicinal usages same are altogether new some are common with uses in other parts of country. (Kalita and Deb, 2006) Similar studies are now being conducted in other parts of Maharastra State (Sharma and Majumdar 2003,Nudart Syed et.al 2007) however the future use of this information on formulation, standardization of phytomedicine should be encouraged with sustainable use, other wise these plants will also soon disappear due to our over anthropogenic activities.

Biography:

Abstract:

Recently using moderately saline water in agriculture production is a must, especially for medicinal plants as a tolerant salinity.  Field trials were carried out during two successive seasons of 2015 and 2016 in Rejwa area to evaluate the effect of water salinity, WS (0.68 and 2.45 dS/m) under water deficit (100, 80; 60 % from evapotranspiration, ETo) on sweet basil plant growth characters and pigments contents. Results indicated that the determined plant growth characters (plant height, number of branches, plant weight; leaves weight) were under WS (0.68 dS/m) and the opposite was true in case of the WS 2.45 dS/m.  Increasing water WS associated with decreasing in studied plant growth characters under different water deficit treatments.  The highest chlorophyll a, b were recorded under WS under 80% ETo, while the opposite was found at WS2.45 dS/m at 60 %ETo. Increasing WS caused increasing oil and carotenoids by 44 and 48 %, respectively, while increasing water deficit  increase these values. Macronutrients strongly affected by increasing WS and the values were higher under 2.45 than of 0.68 dS/m.  Increasing WS improved N, P and K %. Improvement of the Ca and Mg content associated with increasing WS by 4 and 8%, respectively. The potential accumulation of the Na and Cl in sweet basil leaves were observed at 60 %ET  and WS 2.45 dS/m followed by fresh water (0.68 dS/m) at 100 %ETo. It could be concludes that irrigation by WS (2.45 dS/m) is preferable with 22% reduction in yield at water deficit 80%ETo. 

Biography:

Abstract:

Laboratory studies were carried to investigate the side effects on Trichogramma cacoeciae of two formulated products of each of two botanical insecticides: Azadirachtine (Neemazal T/S Blank and Celaflor®) and Quassin (alcoholic or water extracts). The results showed that by exposing adults T. cacoeciae to residues of Neemazal formulations on glass plates, the tested preparations were either harmful (Neemazal-Blank) or moderately harmful (Celaflor). The two Quassin formulations tested were harmless. When treated host eggs were offered to adults T. cacoeciae, all tested chemicals were almost harmless. In a further test, host eggs parasitized at different time intervals (1-8 days), were sprayed at the same day. The results indicated that only Neemazal T/S-Blank formulation was slightly to moderately harmful reducing adult emergence. 

Biography:

Abstract:

Despite the great nutritional and therapeutic importance of moringa, expansion of its cultivation needs to improve its ability to withstand various conditions. Artificial methods of plant improvement are based on tissue culture techniques. Thus, the goal of our work was to establish a successful protocol that ensures removal obstacles (vitrification and somaclonal variation) that previously detected during moringa micropropagation. Of all tested explants, media and cytokinin types, cotyledonary nodal segments in contact with cotyledons expressed the highest shoot multiplication, in particular, when they were cultured on MS medium containing 0.56 mg/l BAP. Verification symptoms including chlorosis, retardation of shoot formation and shoot length, necrosis of shoot tips, and formation of friable callus at the base of cultured explants were detected, they were controlled using ant-ethylene compounds (AgNO3, SA and CoCl2). In this work, effect of anti-ethylene compounds on genome stability during long term culture (14 subcultures) using molecular markers (RAPD, ISSR and SSR) was studied for the first time, they indicated that salicylic acid (50 µM) was the best, where it decreased vitrification as well as somaclonal variation. Study the expression of superoxide dismutases, peroxidases, catalases, esterases and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases indicated that shoot multiplication without somaclonal variation was obtained up to seven subcultures. Among different concentrations of the tested auxins (IAA, NAA and IBA), 0.5 mg/L IAA was best to form roots without callus formation which facilitate acclimatization and transfer plantlets to open conditions. Root formation on auxin containing medium  was affected by cytokinin type during shoot multiplication, where microshoots cultured on MS with 0.56 mg/L BAP for shoot multiplication followed by MS with 0.5 IAA for root formation was better than those of 0.56 KIN followed by 0.5 IAA.

Biography:

Anh Le is a current PhD student in Food Science at the University of Newcastle, Australia. She is a member of the research group working on Gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng). Her PhD project is about extraction of bioactives and oil from Gac seeds. Her research interest is looking for natural bioactives that can contribute to the improvement of the quality of human life whilst maintain the sustainability of natural resources.

Abstract:

Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis S.) seeds contain bioactive compounds with medicinal properties namely: trypsin inhibitors, saponins and phenolics. We hypothesised that microwave-assisted (MAE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) would be better than conventional aqueous extraction for recovering these bioactive compounds. The efficiency of extraction for the MAE and UAE techniques was also compared to other low alcohols solvents: methanol, 50% methanol, ethanol, 70% ethanol and water-saturated n-butanol.

Of all the methods, MAE achieved the highest extraction of phenolics (3.18 µg GAE g^-1). Of the aqueous methods, MAE was also the best for saponins (19.04 mg AE g^-1) but it did not improve the extraction of trypsin inhibitors, for which the conventional water extraction was the best (118.45 mg trypsin g^-1). However, for saponins, water-saturated n-butanol and methanol extracts were the best overall (40.75 and 38.80 mg AE g^-1, respectively). As a measure of antioxidant capacity, the ABTS assay gave highest value to MAE extract (23.92 µmol TE g^-1) while the FRAP assay gave highest values to water-saturated butanol and 70% ethanol extracts (5.25 and 4.71 µmol TE g^-1, respectively). UAE did not improve any extractions. Therefore, it is concluded that MAE was the best for extracting phenolics and the best aqueous method for extracting saponins while conventional extraction method was the best for extracting trypsin inhibitors in defatted Gac seeds.

Biography:

Abstract:

Despite the great nutritional and therapeutic importance of moringa, expansion of its cultivation needs to improve its ability to withstand various conditions. Artificial methods of plant improvement are based on tissue culture techniques. Thus, the goal of our work was to establish a successful protocol that ensures removal obstacles (vitrification and somaclonal variation) that previously detected during moringa micropropagation. Of all tested explants, media and cytokinin types, cotyledonary nodal segments in contact with cotyledons expressed the highest shoot multiplication, in particular, when they were cultured on MS medium containing 0.56 mg/l BAP. Verification symptoms including chlorosis, retardation of shoot formation and shoot length, necrosis of shoot tips, and formation of friable callus at the base of cultured explants were detected, they were controlled using ant-ethylene compounds (AgNO3, SA and CoCl2). In this work, effect of anti-ethylene compounds on genome stability during long term culture (14 subcultures) using molecular markers (RAPD, ISSR and SSR) was studied for the first time, they indicated that salicylic acid (50 µM) was the best, where it decreased vitrification as well as somaclonal variation. Study the expression of superoxide dismutases, peroxidases, catalases, esterases and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases indicated that shoot multiplication without somaclonal variation was obtained up to seven subcultures. Among different concentrations of the tested auxins (IAA, NAA and IBA), 0.5 mg/L IAA was best to form roots without callus formation which facilitate acclimatization and transfer plantlets to open conditions. Root formation on auxin containing medium  was affected by cytokinin type during shoot multiplication, where microshoots cultured on MS with 0.56 mg/L BAP for shoot multiplication followed by MS with 0.5 IAA for root formation was better than those of 0.56 KIN followed by 0.5 IAA.

Biography:

Abstract:

Oral diseases are major health problems with dental caries and periodontal diseases among the most important preventable global infectious diseases. Oral health influences the general quality of life and poor oral health is linked to chronic conditions and systemic diseases. The association between oral diseases and the oral microbiota is well established. Of the more than 750 species of bacteria that inhabit the oral cavity, a number are implicated in oral diseases. The development of dental caries involves acidogenic and aciduric Gram-positive bacteria (mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and actinomycetes). Periodontal diseases have been linked to anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus, Prevotella and Fusobacterium). Given the incidence of oral disease, increased resistance by bacteria to antibiotics, adverse affects of some antibacterial agents currently used in dentistry and financial considerations in developing countries, there is a need for alternative prevention and treatment options that are safe, effective and economical. While several agents are commercially available, these chemicals can alter oral microbiota and have undesirable side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and tooth staining. Hence, the search for alternative products continues and natural phytochemicals isolated from plants used as traditional medicines are considered as good alternatives. In this review, plant extracts or phytochemicals that inhibit the growth of oral pathogens, reduce the development of biofilms and dental plaque, influence the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and reduce the symptoms of oral diseases will be discussed further. Clinical studies that have investigated the safety and efficacy of such plant-derived medicines will also be described.

Biography:

Abstract:

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Lindeman) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is the most serious insect pest of onions in Sudan. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of some botanical oils on thrips infesting onion. Field experiments were conducted at Gezira state during two winter seasons (2015/16-2016/17). Two experiments were conducted in the first season (2015/16) at the experimental farm of the University of Gezira and in the Gezira research Station Farm (GRSF) of the Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC). The third experiment was conducted in the second season (2016/17) for confirmatory studies at the (GRSF) in (ARC) and observation plot of 20 X 40 m2 was used to study the population dynamics of the thrips and natural enemies. The design of the experiments was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Cotton oil, castor bean oil and bitter cucumber oil were applied at a concentration of 2.5% in the first season (2015/16). [b1] In the second season 50% upper and lower concentration of castor oil and bitter cucumber oil were applied at the rates of (1.25%, 2.5% and 3.75%). All oil treatments were effective against the onion thrips compared to the untreated control. Significant differences at P < 0.01 in the mean number of insects were found. Bitter cucumber oil was the most effective in reducing the number of thrips compared to the other two oils. A large number of natural enemies of thrips were found at the site associated with the trial. Orius bug and jumping spider were most abundant and by the end of the season these natural enemies had a role to decrease the number of onion thrips. [b2] No significant difference was observed between treatments in yield. This study recommends that, bitter cucumber crude oil at 1.25% concentrations can be used to reduce the number of onion thrips.

Biography:

Okoro Ijeoma Solomon has completed her M.Sc in Chemistry from the University of Agriulture, Umudike, Nigeria in 2010. She has published 8 papers in various reputed national and international journals and authored one book. Her area of specialization is natural products chemistry. Currently she is doing her PhD  in Chemistry at University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria. Her area of interests are phytochemical analysis and structural elucidation of the compounds isolated from plants.

Abstract:

HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is one of the world’s deadliest diseases today. Drug resistance and narrow spectrum of available therapeutics is a main problem during HIV treatment. Therefore, new drugs effective against drug-resistant HIV strains are needed. The aim of this study was to screen Anthocleista djalonensis extracts, fractions and isolated compounds for in vitro anti-HIV-1 Integrase (HIV-1 IN) and HIV-1 Protease (HIV -1PR) activities. The ethyl acetate and acetone extracts of the roots of Anthocleista djalonensis and fractions and compounds obtained from column chromatography of acetone extract were screened for their inhibitory activity against HIV -1 Integrase using a non-radioactive ELISA-based HIV-1 integrase assay. The screening was carried out at concentration range of 10^-5-10² ug/ml. The screening for anti-protease activity was performed using a fluorogenic octapeptide substrate, HIV-FRET (1) and a recombinant HIV-1 Protease solution. The ethyl acetate and acetone extracts showed inhibitoryeffects on HIV -1 Integrase with IC₅₀ of 1.3001 ± 0.217 μg/mL and 0.7216 ± 0.0028 μg/mL respectively. IC₅₀ values of 0.0077 ± 0.009 μg/mL, 5.0001± 0.1719 μg/mL, 3.5113 ± 0.3613 μg/mL and 0.0736 ± 0.0005 μg/ml were obtained for chromatographic fractions F-1, F-2, F-3 and F-4 respectively. The compounds Bauerenone, Bauerenol and a mixture of Stigmasterol and β-Sitosterol isolated from A. djalonensis had IC₅₀ values of 5.6112 ± 0.8767 μg/mL, 4.8075 ± 0.0732 μg/mL and 0.8916 ± 0.0327 respectively. Bauerenone, Bauerenol and a mixture of Stigmasterol and β-Sitosterol isolated from A. djalonensis showed significant (P< 0.05) inhibitory activities against HIV-1 Integrase. However, there was no activity against HIV-1 protease at 50 μg/mL by the extracts, fractions and isolated compounds.